Banks and their customers
原文
Lesson 12
Banks and their customers
Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money,
repayment of which he may demand at any time either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.
Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor--
who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.
But, in addition to that basically simple concept,
the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.
Many of these obligations can give rise to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods,
cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.
When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques drawn by himself.
He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule
that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheque
on which its customer's signature has been forged.
It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skillful one:
the bank must recognize its customer's signature.
For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.
If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.
译文
第12课
银行及其客户
为什么当银行在客户的支票上打印客户的名字时,这对客户来说没有任何风险呢?
当任何人向银行开设一个活期账户时,实际上就是在把钱借给银行。
他可以随时要求偿还这笔款项,既可以要求以现金形式支付,也可以要求开一张支票转给另一个人。
从根本上说,银行与客户之间的关系就是债务人与债权人的关系。
谁是债务人、谁是债权人,取决于该客户的账户是有结余还是透支。
但是,除了这个基本上很简单的概念之外,
银行和客户彼此都负有大量的义务。
这些义务中的许多都可能引发问题和复杂情况,但银行客户与商品购买者不同,
不能抱怨法律对他不公。
银行必须遵守客户的指示,而不能听从任何其他人的要求。
例如,客户首次开户时,会指示银行仅凭他本人签发的支票从账户扣款。
他向银行提供了自己的签名样本,而银行有一项非常严格的规定。
银行无权也无理由根据伪造签名的支票支付客户的款项。
(即支票上的签名是伪造的)。
无论伪造技术多么高明,都无关紧要:
银行必须认出客户的真实签名。
因此,银行采用在支票上印制客户姓名的做法对客户来说没有任何风险。
如果这种做法导致了伪造行为的发生,那么遭受损失的将是银行,而不是客户。