The ideal servant

原文

Lesson 49

The ideal servant

What was Bessie's 'little weakness' ?

It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago.

If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants.

Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework.

She had a huge, rambling country house called 'The Gables'.

She was sentimentally attached to this house,

for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.

Before she grew old, aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.

I often visited The Gables when I was a boy.

No matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate.

The parquet floors shone like mirrors;

highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets;

even my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.

Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished.

She always referred to them as 'the shifting population',

for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.

Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days an enlightened policy,

in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.

While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature,

she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days,

even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.

Bessie worked for aunt Harriet for three years.

During that time she so gained my aunt's confidence, that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.

Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industriousness and efficiency.

In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook.

She acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before Aunt Harriet discovered her 'little weakness'.

After being absent from The Gables for a week,

my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and instructed Bessie to prepare dinner.

Not only was the meal well below the usual standard, but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily.

She bumped into the furniture and kept mumbling about the guests.

When she came in with the last course--a huge pudding--she tripped on the carpet

and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and crashed on the dining table with considerable force.

Though this caused great mirth among the guests, Aunt Harriet was horrified.

She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk.

The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe,

had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement.

The poor girl was dismissed instantly.

After her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe.

They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!

译文

第49课

理想的仆人

贝西的“小缺点”是什么?

幸好我的阿姨哈丽特几年前就去世了。

如果她今天还活着,她将无法再公开表达自己最热衷讨论的话题——也就是关于家庭佣人的看法了。

哈丽特阿姨生活在那个时代:那时人们还会雇佣仆人来帮忙做家务。

她拥有一座规模庞大、布局错综复杂的乡村住宅,名叫“The Gables”。

她对这栋房子怀有深厚的情感依恋。

尽管那套房子远远超出了她的实际需求(空间太大,不符合她的居住要求),但在丈夫去世后,她仍然坚持住在那里很长时间。

在哈丽特阿姨年老之前,她总是非常热情地招待客人,总是准备丰盛的美食和精彩的娱乐活动来款待他们。

我小时候经常去“The Gables”那个地方。

无论有多少客人来访,那座宏伟的房子总是保持得一尘不染、整洁有序。

镶木地板闪闪发光,就像镜子一样。

那些经过精心打磨的银器被陈列在闪闪发光的玻璃柜中。

就连我叔叔那庞大的藏书量,也奇迹般地没有一点灰尘。

哈丽特阿姨指挥着一支“看不见的仆人队伍”,这支队伍不断地擦拭、清洁和抛光各种物品。

她总是把他们称为“流动的人口”(即那些不断迁移、居无定所的人群)。

因为他们来得频繁,去得也快,以至于我根本没机会记住他们的名字。

尽管我的姑姑在当时推行了一项被认为具有前瞻性的政策,

因为她从不允许家中的佣人每天工作超过八小时,所以她非常难以取悦。

虽然她总是批评人性的善变,

她一生都在不懈地寻找那个理想的仆人,直到生命的最后一刻。

即使在她被贝西(Bessie)彻底打消了所有希望之后……

贝西在哈丽特阿姨家工作了三年。

在那段时间里,她赢得了我阿姨的充分信任,以至于被委以管理所有家务人员的重任。

哈丽特阿姨实在找不到合适的词语来赞扬贝西的勤奋和高效。

除了拥有其他各种技能外,贝西还是一位烹饪高手。

她扮演了“完美仆人”的角色长达三年,直到哈丽特阿姨发现了她的“小缺点”。

在缺席了《The Gables》节目一周之后……

一天下午,我的阿姨突然带着一群客人回来了,她吩咐贝西准备晚餐。

这顿饭的质量远低于平时的标准;而且贝西似乎也走不稳了。

她撞到了家具,然后不停地嘟囔着关于那些客人的事情。

当她端着最后一道菜(一道巨大的布丁)进来时,她在地毯上绊倒了。

布丁突然飞到了空中,差点撞到我的阿姨,然后猛烈地摔在了餐桌上。

虽然这引起了在场宾客们的阵阵笑声,但哈丽特阿姨却感到非常震惊。

她勉强得出结论:贝西肯定是喝醉了。

当然,客人们从贝西为他们开门的那一刻起就意识到了这一点;早在最终灾难发生之前,他们就已经察觉到了不对劲。

他们很难掩饰自己的笑意。

那个可怜的女孩立刻就被解雇了。

在她离开后,哈丽特阿姨发现:曾经是贝西衣柜的地方,现在整齐地堆放着一堆堆形状各异、大小不一的空酒瓶。

它们竟然神秘地从酒窖里找到了通往那里的路!

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词汇表

air

动词, 名词
英:/eər/
美:/er/
定义
1. 表达或公开发表意见 - To express or make public one's opinions or feelings.

例子: She aired her views on social media about the new policy.

例子: During the meeting, he aired his frustrations with the team.

2. 使暴露在空气中 - To expose something to the air for freshening or drying.

例子: I like to air out the room after cooking.

例子: She aired the blankets on the line to dry.

近义词
express: 更中性且直接,常用于正式场合,而 'air' 带有公开或传播的意味。
voice: 强调口头表达,适合个人意见,而 'air' 可以包括书面形式。
ventilate: 更侧重于传播或讨论想法,与 'air' 类似,但常用于更正式或公共语境。
反义词:
suppress, conceal, hide
用法
常用于表达观点的语境中,尤其在对话或媒体中;需注意搭配如 'air one's views',在非正式场合更常见;文化上,强调言论自由。
形式:
复数: airs (as noun), 过去式: aired, 现在分词: airing, 形容词形式: airy

关键句型 "If + subject + were + ..., subject + would + verb"

定义

此句型是虚拟语气的一种,用于表达与事实相反的假设情景,特别是在现在或未来的假设条件下。结构为:If + subject + were (或 be 的其他形式) + ... (从句),后跟主句 subject + would + verb (动词原形)。根据《剑桥英语语法手册》,这属于第二类条件句,表达不现实的条件和结果,常用于对当前情况的虚拟假设。例如,文章中的 "If she were alive today, she would not be able to air her views" 清晰展示了这种结构。

它帮助学习者表达遗憾、愿望或假设,帮助构建更复杂的对话和叙述。

用法

此句型主要用于描述与现在事实相反的假设场景,如表达虚拟的现在或未来情况。规则:在从句中用 were 替换正常动词形式(即使主语是 I/you/he 等),主句中使用 would + 动词原形。在语法体系中,它属于条件句的一部分,与第一类条件句 (If + present, will + verb) 形成对比,后者用于真实可能的情况。

横向比较:与第一类条件句不同,此句型强调不可能性,因此更正式和文学化;与第三类条件句 (If + had + past participle, would have + past participle) 相比,它聚焦于现在而非过去。例如,与 "If I have time, I will go" (真实未来) 相比,"If I were rich, I would travel" 表达梦想。

跨语法联系:它常与情态动词如 would 结合,还可扩展到混合条件句中,如将过去和现在混合使用。这有助于学生连接到其他语法点,如 wish 句型 (I wish I were...).

注意事项

学生常犯的错误包括:在从句中使用真实动词形式,如 "If she was alive" 而非 "If she were alive",这会使句子失去虚拟语气;另一个是主句中误用 will 代替 would,导致语气不准确。纠正建议:通过记忆固定结构并练习口语,避免混淆。提供例句:

错误示例:If she was alive today, she will not be able to air her views.
正确示例:If she were alive today, she would not be able to air her views.

此外,学生可能忽略语境,使用在不合适的场景中,如描述真实事件。强调在写作中保持一致时态。

练习

原创例子:假设你想表达对过去的遗憾,可以说:"If I were in that house now, I would clean it perfectly like Aunt Harriet's servants." 学生可以替换关键词,如将 "were in that house" 改为 "were a famous chef",并扩展主句为 "I would cook delicious meals",这样在模拟对话中练习,例如在讨论理想生活时说:"If I were a millionaire, I would buy a big house."

这种替换能让学生在日常对话中应用句型,增强自信。

额外内容

背景知识:虚拟语气起源于古英语,强调礼貌和假设,在现代英语中常用于小说和正式写作,如文章中描述过去生活。文化对比:与中文的 "要是...就..." 类似,但英语更依赖语法结构而非词汇。相比法语的条件句,英语的此结构相对简单,无需复杂的动词变位。这能帮助学生理解英语的逻辑性,并扩展到其他语言学习中。

关键句型 "Even though + clause, main clause"

定义

此句型用于表达让步关系,表示尽管有某种情况,主句中的情况仍然发生。结构为:Even though + clause (从句,通常用陈述语气),后跟 main clause (主句)。根据《牛津现代英语语法》,它是一种连接词引导的状语从句,强调对比或意外结果。例如,文章中的 "even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there" 完美诠释了这种让步。

它常用于描述现实中的矛盾,帮助学习者构建更 nuanced 的表达。

用法

此句型主要在口语和书面语中用于让步状语从句,规则是:从句中用正常时态,主句表达实际结果。在语法体系中,它属于从句结构的一部分,与其他让步连接词如 althoughthough 类似,但 even though 强调更强烈的对比。

横向比较:与 although 相比,even though 更强调出乎意料的让步,如 "Although it was raining, we went out" (一般让步) vs. "Even though it was pouring, we went out" (更强调坚持);与 despite + noun 相比,此句型更适合完整从句,而非短语形式。

跨语法联系:它可与条件句结合,如在复杂句中出现,并帮助学生过渡到其他从句类型,如时间状语从句。这建立了对英语句法结构的整体理解。

注意事项

学生易犯错误包括:混淆 even thougheven if,后者用于假设而非事实;或在从句中使用虚拟语气,如 "Even though it were big",实际应为陈述式。纠正建议:通过例句练习区分,并注意句型在正反两方面的平衡。例句展示:

错误示例:Even though she is rich, she would buy more. (不需虚拟语气)
正确示例:Even though she is rich, she still works hard.

另一个常见问题是在非正式语境中过度使用,导致句子冗长;建议在写作中保持简洁。

练习

原创例子:在日常对话中,你可以说:"Even though it was raining heavily, I went for a walk in the park." 学生可以替换从句,如 "Even though I was tired," 并扩展主句为 "I finished my homework.",例如在分享个人经历时说:"Even though the house was messy, Aunt Harriet kept it immaculate."

替换练习能让学生在叙述故事时自然应用,提升表达的流畅性。

额外内容

背景知识:让步状语从句源自拉丁语修辞传统,在英语中发展为强调逻辑对比的工具。文化背景:在英国文学如简·奥斯汀的作品中,常用于描述社会矛盾。相比西班牙语的 "aun cuando",英语的此结构更直接,无需额外词汇。这丰富了学生的跨文化理解,并鼓励他们在写作中探索类似表达。