Fully insured

原文

Lesson 43

Fully insured

Who owned the pie dish and why?

Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything.

Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world.

If, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather.

Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay.

It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship.

But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique.

Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide.

It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair.

The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal so they insured it for the trip.

Shortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate.

At the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own.

Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear,

for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.

The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish.

Shivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish.

They had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem.

The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it.

Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation.

The dish rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal bank.

For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal,

but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water.

The men were now obliged to try once more.

This time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten the chains.

The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal.

The winch was again put into operation and one of the men started up the truck.

Several minutes later, the dish was successfully hauled above the surface of the water.

Water streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal.

There was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again.

By working at tremendous speed, the men managed to get the dish on to dry land before the wave returned.

译文

第43课

全面投保

谁拥有那个派盘,为什么?

保险公司通常愿意为任何物品提供保险服务。

在世界上大多数国家,为公共或私人财产投保都是常规做法。

不过,如果你在户外举办花园派对或游园会,也可以为可能发生的恶劣天气情况购买保险。

不用说,保险公司承担的风险越大,你需要支付的保费也就越高。

显然,保险公司承担的风险越大,你需要支付的保费也就越高。

但是,一个地方政府为打捞一个沉没的派盘而提出的索赔,肯定是非常独特的。

这个派盘确实很不寻常——它的长度为18英尺,宽度为6英尺。

它是被当地政府购买的,用于为年度集市制作一个巨大的派。

派委员会认为通过运河运输派盘的最佳方式,因此他们为这次行程购买了保险。

派盘下水后不久,派委员会成员们便前往一家当地酒馆庆祝。

与此同时,一些青少年爬上了那个盘子,并在那里举办了一场属于自己的小型聚会。

跳舞的震动超出了派盘所能承受的范围,

因为在派对期间,派盘翻了,沉入了七英尺深的水中。

派委员会给当地一家修车厂老板打了电话,他开着一辆救援卡车前来打捞派盘。

那些青少年穿着湿衣服瑟瑟发抖地看着,三个男人一次又一次地潜入水中寻找派盘。

他们找到它并不费什么劲,但将其从水中拖出来却成了一个严重的问题。

这个盘子的边缘非常光滑,几乎不可能在不损坏它的情况下将缆绳或链条固定在盘子的边缘上。

最终,那些链条被固定在盘子的一端;随后,一台强大的绞车也被启动了起来。

派盘浮到水面,被缓缓地拉向运河岸边。

在令人揪心的一瞬间,派盘摇摇晃晃地停在运河岸边,

但它突然失去了平衡,又滑回了水中。

这些人现在不得不再次尝试。

这次,他们在盘子的两侧安装了沉重的金属夹具,以便固定链条。

由于盘子的一边紧贴着运河的侧壁,因此必须将其垂直抬起。

绞车再次被启动,其中一名男子启动了卡车。

几分钟后,盘子终于被成功吊到了水面上方。

水从派盘边缘倾泻而下,水流如此之猛,在运河里掀起了一阵巨浪。

有危险的是,这股浪可能会从对岸反弹回来,把派盘重新冲回水里。

以极快的速度工作,这些人总算在浪头返回前把派盘弄上了岸。

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词汇表

insure

动词
英:/ɪnˈʃʊər/
美:/ɪnˈʃʊr/
定义
1. 投保 - To arrange for compensation in the event of loss or damage.

例子: We decided to insure our house against fire.

例子: Many people insure their cars to cover accident costs.

2. 确保 - To secure against a possible contingency.

例子: The company insured the success of the project by hiring experts.

例子: She insured her health by eating well and exercising regularly.

近义词
protect: 强调预防性防护,侧重于避免风险,而 'insure' 更专注于金融补偿。
cover: 常用于保险语境,意思类似但 'cover' 更广泛,可能不涉及正式合同。
guarantee: 侧重于提供绝对保障,通常在非保险语境中,而 'insure' 特指保险机制。
反义词:
risk, expose, jeopardize
用法
常用于保险行业,需搭配如 'against'(针对),如 'insure against loss'。在正式语境中使用,涉及财务或风险管理。
形式:
过去式: insured, 过去分词: insured, 现在分词: insuring, 第三人称单数: insures

关键句型 "If + past simple, would + verb"

定义

此句型是一种条件句结构,常用于表达假设或不太可能发生的条件,通常被称为第二类条件句。基本结构为:If + 主语 + 过去式动词(条件从句),后跟 主语 + would + 动词原形(主句)。例如,文章中的 "If, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather." 根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,这种句型用于描述当前或未来的假设情况,强调结果的不确定性。它帮助学习者表达虚拟情景,突出条件与结果的逻辑联系。

此句型在英语中很常见,用于礼貌的建议或假设讨论。

用法

此句型主要用于描述不太可能实现或虚构的条件,常见于日常对话、故事或建议中。规则:条件从句用过去式动词(如 were、had),主句用 would + 动词原形。在语法体系中,它属于条件句类型,与第一类条件句(If + 现在时,will + 动词)形成对比,后者表示真实可能性。例如,与 "If it rains, I will stay home"(真实条件)相比,此句型如 "If it rained, I would stay home"(虚拟条件)更强调假设。

横向比较:它与第三类条件句(If + had + 过去分词,would have + 过去分词)不同,后者用于过去假设;与混合条件句相比,此句型更侧重当前或未来。跨语法联系:学生可将此句型与情态动词如 could 或 might 结合(如 "If I were you, I could help"),扩展到更多表达方式,从而建立与虚拟语气或其他情态动词的联系。

在实际应用中,此句型常用于建议或礼貌表达,如在商业或日常对话中。

注意事项

学生易犯的错误包括:混淆时态,如用现在时代替过去时(例如 "If you hold a party, it would be possible",应为 "If you held a party");或遗漏 would,导致句子不完整。纠正建议:始终记住条件从句用过去式,即使主语是现在情况,并练习主句的 would 结构。另一个常见偏误是与第一类条件句混淆,导致语气不准确。

提供具体例句:

错误示例:If you are holding a party it would be possible.  // 错误:条件从句应使用过去式。
正确示例:If you were holding a party, it would be possible to insure it.  // 正确:使用 were 表示假设。

练习时,注意语调的柔和,以避免听起来太正式或生硬。

练习

一个原创例子:假设你在计划一个旅行,你可以说:"If I had more time, I would visit the museum." 这贴近实际场景,如在和朋友讨论假期计划时使用。学生可以替换关键词,例如将 "had more time" 改为 "won the lottery",变成 "If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.",或将主句的 would + verb 改为 would + other verb,如 "If it were sunny, I would go hiking."

通过这种替换,学生能加深对句型的掌握,并应用到个人生活场景中,比如计划活动或表达愿望。

额外内容

背景知识:此句型源于英语的虚拟语气,历史可追溯到古英语时期,用于表达礼貌和谦虚。在文化上,英语使用者常通过这种结构避免直接性,例如在英式英语中更常见,以体现间接表达的传统。对比分析:与中文的 "如果…就…" 类似,但英语更强调时态变化(如用过去式表示虚拟),而西班牙语的条件句也类似,需要动词变位,这让英语相对简单。学习此句型能帮助学生更好地处理假设场景,并为更高级的语法如混合条件句铺路,丰富语言表达的灵活性。

关键句型 "The + comparative, the + comparative"

定义

此句型用于表达两种事物之间的相互比较,强调一个变化会导致另一个变化,结构为:The + 比较级短语,后跟 the + 另一个比较级短语。例如,文章中的 "The bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay." 根据《牛津现代英语语法》,这种句型突出比例关系,常用于描述因果联系或趋势。它简洁有力,帮助学习者表达动态比较。

此句型在英语中常用于讨论影响因素或结果。

用法

此句型主要用于表示正比或反比关系,常见于解释、建议或分析中。规则:第一个 the + 比较级(如 the bigger)后跟逗号和第二个 the + 比较级(如 the higher),两者通常用 and 连接变量。语法体系中,它属于比较结构的一部分,与简单比较级(如 bigger than)不同,更强调相互依赖。在位置上,它常独立成句或嵌入段落。

横向比较:与简单比较句(如 "This is bigger than that")相比,此句型更复杂,因为它显示动态关系;与 as...as 结构(如 "as big as")相比,它不用于等量比较,而是强调变化程度。跨语法联系:学生可将其与形容词比较级或副词比较级结合(如 the more you study, the better you get),并扩展到其他语法点,如条件句(例如结合 if 表达更复杂的场景)。这有助于建立从基本比较到高级表达的联系。

在实际场景中,此句型常用于商业、科学或日常讨论。

注意事项

学生常犯错误包括:忘记使用 the(例如说 "Bigger the risk, higher the premium",这不完整);或 misuse 比较级形式,如用原级代替(如 "The big the risk")。纠正建议:始终用 the + 比较级结构,并确保两个部分平行。另一个偏误是结构不平衡,如一个部分太长或不对应,建议练习对称句子。

提供具体例句:

错误示例:The risk is big, the premium you pay high.  // 错误:缺少 the + 比较级结构。
正确示例:The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.  // 正确:清晰的相互比较。

注意事项还包括避免在非正式场合 overuse,以保持自然流畅。

练习

一个原创例子:谈论学习效果时可以说:"The more books you read, the better your vocabulary will become." 这贴近实际,如在学校讨论中应用。学生可以替换关键词,例如将 "more books" 改为 "harder you work",变成 "The harder you work, the more success you will achieve.",或调整为其他场景,如 "The later you stay up, the more tired you will feel."

通过替换,学生能将句型应用到健康、工作或学习等生活领域,加深实际掌握。

额外内容

背景知识:此句型起源于古英语的比较表达,现代英语中常用于强调因果链条,如在经济学或科学讨论中。在文化背景上,它反映了英语的逻辑性强特点。对比分析:与法语的类似结构(如 plus... plus...)相比,英语版更简洁,不需额外连接词;中文的 "越…越…" 表达类似,但英语强调语法平行性。额外学习此句型能提升学生的分析能力,并与高级话题如趋势预测结合,拓宽语言视野。