Do the English speak English??

原文

Do they speak English?

Why does the writer not understand the porter?

I arrived in London at last.

The railway station was big, black and dark.

I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.

I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.

The porter, however, could not understand me.

I repeated my question several times and at last he understood.

he answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.

'I am a foreigner,' I said.

Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him.

My teacher never spoke English like that!

The porter and I looked at each other and smiled.

Then he said something and I understood it.

'You'll soon learn English!' he said.

I wonder.

In England, each person speaks a different language.

The English understand each other, but I don't understand them!

译文

他们说英语吗?

为什么作者听不懂那个行李搬运工的话?

我终于到了伦敦。

火车站又大又黑,显得非常阴暗。

我不知道怎么去我的酒店,于是我问了一个行李搬运工。

我不仅英语说得很仔细,而且发音也很清晰。

然而,那个行李搬运工却听不懂我。

我重复了几次我的问题,最后他才明白了。

他回答了我,但他说得既不慢也不清楚。

“我是外国人,”我说。

然后他放慢了语速,但我还是听不懂他。

我的老师从来都不会用那样的方式说英语!

那个行李搬运工和我对视了一眼,然后都笑了。

接着他说了些什么,我听懂了。

“你很快就能学会英语了!”他说。

这可不好说。

在英格兰,每个人说着不同的语言。

英国人之间可以互相理解,但我却听不懂他们的话!

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词汇表

arrived

动词
英:/əˈraɪvd/
美:/əˈraɪvd/
定义
1. 到达 - To reach a destination after a journey.

例子: I arrived in London at last after a long flight.

例子: They arrived home just before dinner.

近义词
reached: 更强调最终抵达目的地,常用于描述距离或目标,与 'arrived' 类似但更正式。
got to: 更口语化,常用于非正式语境,如日常对话,而 'arrived' 更通用。
came to: 侧重于从远处而来,可能暗示过程,与 'arrived' 相比更强调起点。
反义词:
left, departed, exited
用法
常用于过去时描述完成旅程,常见搭配如 'arrive at/in [place]',适用于旅行或事件语境。
形式:
原形: arrive, 第三人称单数: arrives, 现在分词: arriving, 过去式: arrived, 过去分词: arrived, 复数形式不适用:

关键句型 "not only ... but also ..."

定义

此句型是一种并列结构,用于强调两个或多个事物,其中一个是主要强调点,常表示“不仅……而且……”。结构为:not only + [元素1] + but also + [元素2]。根据《剑桥英语语法》教材,这种句型属于相关连词(correlative conjunctions),用于连接并列成分,如主语、谓语、宾语或状语,以突出对比或添加信息。它强调了第二个元素的重要性,使句子更有说服力或描述性。

例如,在文章中:“I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.” 这展示了句型的典型用法。

用法

此句型常用于描述事物的多个方面、强调优势或在叙述中添加细节,适用于口语和书面语。规则:在句子中,not onlybut also 必须平行对称,即连接的成分应在语法上一致(如两者都为形容词或名词)。

在语法体系中,它属于连接词类别,与其他并列连词如 "and" 或 "or" 相关,但更正式且强调对比。横向比较:与简单并列 "and"(如 "I spoke carefully and clearly")相比,not only ... but also ... 增加了强调效果,突出第二个部分;与 "as well as" 相比,它更强调整体平衡,而 "as well as" 可能暗示次要性。此外,它与条件句或对比句型(如 "although")有联系,因为都涉及逻辑对比,帮助学生构建复杂句式。

跨语法联系:学生可将其与并列句扩展,如在复杂句中结合其他结构,例如 "Not only did I speak carefully, but I also listened attentively.",涉及倒装形式。

注意事项

学生常犯的错误包括:不保持平行结构,例如 "Not only I spoke carefully, but also very clearly"(应为 "Not only did I speak carefully, but I also spoke very clearly",以保持主语一致);或遗漏 "also",使句子不完整。纠正建议:练习时,确保连接的成分类型相同,并阅读更多示例以熟悉语序。

另一个常见偏误是过度使用,导致句子冗长;或在非正式场合使用,显得生硬。提供具体例句:

错误示例:Not only I like apples, but also oranges are delicious.  (错误:主语不平行,且结构混乱)
正确示例:Not only do I like apples, but I also like oranges.  (正确:保持主语和谓语平行)

练习

原创例子:假设你在描述旅行经历,可以说:“Not only did I visit the Eiffel Tower, but I also tried French cuisine.” 学生可以替换关键词,如将 “visit the Eiffel Tower” 换成 “see Big Ben”,并调整为 “Not only did I see Big Ben, but I also took many photos.” 这能帮助学生在个人故事中应用句型,增强实际表达能力。

通过这种替换练习,学生能探索不同语境,如在作文中描述兴趣:“Not only am I good at math, but I also enjoy reading books.”

额外内容

背景知识:此句型源于英语的修辞手法,旨在增强说服力,常见于演讲和文学中,如莎士比亚的作品。文化背景上,英语强调逻辑清晰,因此这种结构在辩论或正式写作中很流行。对比分析:与中文的“不仅……而且……”类似,但英语需要严格的语法平行,而法语的对应结构(如 "non seulement ... mais aussi ...")也强调平衡,却可能涉及更多动词变位。了解这些差异能帮助学生避免母语干扰,提升跨文化沟通。